```{r setup, include=FALSE} library(flexdashboard) knitr::opts_chunk$set(warning=FALSE, message=FALSE) ``` Overview {data-icon="fa-signal"} ===================================== Row {data-height=400} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### Signal distribution: raw data ```{r raw data} library(tidyverse) # provides access to Hadley Wickham's collection of R packages for data science, which we will use throughout the course library(tximport) # package for getting Kallisto results into R library(ensembldb) #helps deal with ensembl library(EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86) #replace with your organism-specific database package targets <- read_tsv("studydesign.txt")# read in your study design path <- file.path(targets$sample, "abundance.tsv") # set file paths to your mapped data Tx <- transcripts(EnsDb.Hsapiens.v86, columns=c("tx_id", "gene_name")) Tx <- as_tibble(Tx) Tx <- dplyr::rename(Tx, target_id = tx_id) Tx <- dplyr::select(Tx, "target_id", "gene_name") Txi_gene <- tximport(path, type = "kallisto", tx2gene = Tx, txOut = FALSE, #determines whether your data represented at transcript or gene level countsFromAbundance = "lengthScaledTPM", ignoreTxVersion = TRUE) library(tidyverse) library(edgeR) library(matrixStats) library(cowplot) sampleLabels <- targets$sample myDGEList <- DGEList(Txi_gene$counts) log2.cpm <- cpm(myDGEList, log=TRUE) log2.cpm.df <- as_tibble(log2.cpm, rownames = "geneID") colnames(log2.cpm.df) <- c("geneID", sampleLabels) log2.cpm.df.pivot <- pivot_longer(log2.cpm.df, # dataframe to be pivoted cols = HS01:CL13, # column names to be stored as a SINGLE variable names_to = "samples", # name of that new variable (column) values_to = "expression") # name of new variable (column) storing all the values (data) p1 <- ggplot(log2.cpm.df.pivot) + aes(x=samples, y=expression, fill=samples) + geom_violin(trim = FALSE, show.legend = FALSE) + stat_summary(fun = "median", geom = "point", shape = 95, size = 10, color = "black", show.legend = FALSE) + labs(y="log2 expression", x = "sample", title="Log2 Counts per Million (CPM)", subtitle="unfiltered, non-normalized", caption=paste0("produced on ", Sys.time())) + theme_bw() cpm <- cpm(myDGEList) keepers <- rowSums(cpm>1)>=5 #user defined myDGEList.filtered <- myDGEList[keepers,] log2.cpm.filtered <- cpm(myDGEList.filtered, log=TRUE) log2.cpm.filtered.df <- as_tibble(log2.cpm.filtered, rownames = "geneID") colnames(log2.cpm.filtered.df) <- c("geneID", sampleLabels) log2.cpm.filtered.df.pivot <- pivot_longer(log2.cpm.filtered.df, # dataframe to be pivoted cols = HS01:CL13, # column names to be stored as a SINGLE variable names_to = "samples", # name of that new variable (column) values_to = "expression") # name of new variable (column) storing all the values (data) p2 <- ggplot(log2.cpm.filtered.df.pivot) + aes(x=samples, y=expression, fill=samples) + geom_violin(trim = FALSE, show.legend = FALSE) + stat_summary(fun = "median", geom = "point", shape = 95, size = 10, color = "black", show.legend = FALSE) + labs(y="log2 expression", x = "sample", title="Log2 Counts per Million (CPM)", subtitle="filtered, non-normalized", caption=paste0("produced on ", Sys.time())) + theme_bw() myDGEList.filtered.norm <- calcNormFactors(myDGEList.filtered, method = "TMM") log2.cpm.filtered.norm <- cpm(myDGEList.filtered.norm, log=TRUE) log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df <- as_tibble(log2.cpm.filtered.norm, rownames = "geneID") colnames(log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df) <- c("geneID", sampleLabels) log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df.pivot <- pivot_longer(log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df, # dataframe to be pivoted cols = HS01:CL13, # column names to be stored as a SINGLE variable names_to = "samples", # name of that new variable (column) values_to = "expression") # name of new variable (column) storing all the values (data) p3 <- ggplot(log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df.pivot) + aes(x=samples, y=expression, fill=samples) + geom_violin(trim = FALSE, show.legend = FALSE) + stat_summary(fun = "median", geom = "point", shape = 95, size = 10, color = "black", show.legend = FALSE) + labs(y="log2 expression", x = "sample", title="Log2 Counts per Million (CPM)", subtitle="filtered, TMM normalized", caption=paste0("produced on ", Sys.time())) + theme_bw() p1 ``` ### Signal distribution: filtered and normalized data ```{r processed data} p3 ``` ### PCA plot ```{r PCA} library(tidyverse) library(DT) library(gt) library(plotly) group <- targets$group group <- factor(group) pca.res <- prcomp(t(log2.cpm.filtered.norm), scale.=F, retx=T) pc.var<-pca.res$sdev^2 # sdev^2 captures these eigenvalues from the PCA result pc.per<-round(pc.var/sum(pc.var)*100, 1) pca.res.df <- as_tibble(pca.res$x) pca.plot <- ggplot(pca.res.df) + aes(x=PC1, y=PC2, label=sampleLabels, color = group) + geom_point(size=4) + stat_ellipse() + xlab(paste0("PC1 (",pc.per[1],"%",")")) + ylab(paste0("PC2 (",pc.per[2],"%",")")) + labs(title="PCA plot", caption=paste0("produced on ", Sys.time())) + coord_fixed() + theme_bw() ggplotly(pca.plot) ``` Row {data-height=400} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### Filtered and normalized counts per million (CPM) ```{r filtered and normalized data} mydata.df <- mutate(log2.cpm.filtered.norm.df, healthy.AVG = (HS01 + HS02 + HS03 + HS04 + HS05)/5, disease.AVG = (CL08 + CL10 + CL11 + CL12 + CL13)/5, #now make columns comparing each of the averages above that you're interested in LogFC = (disease.AVG - healthy.AVG)) %>% #note that this is the first time you've seen the 'pipe' operator mutate_if(is.numeric, round, 2) datatable(mydata.df[,c(1,12:14)], extensions = c('KeyTable', "FixedHeader"), filter = 'top', options = list(keys = TRUE, searchHighlight = TRUE, pageLength = 10, lengthMenu = c("10", "25", "50", "100"))) ``` DEGs {data-orientation=columns data-icon="fa-random"} ===================================== Column {data-width=500} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### Volcano plot ```{r volcano plot} library(tidyverse) library(limma) library(edgeR) library(gt) library(DT) library(plotly) group <- factor(targets$group) design <- model.matrix(~0 + group) colnames(design) <- levels(group) v.DEGList.filtered.norm <- voom(myDGEList.filtered.norm, design, plot = FALSE) fit <- lmFit(v.DEGList.filtered.norm, design) contrast.matrix <- makeContrasts(infection = disease - healthy, levels=design) fits <- contrasts.fit(fit, contrast.matrix) ebFit <- eBayes(fits) myTopHits <- topTable(ebFit, adjust ="BH", coef=1, number=40000, sort.by="logFC") myTopHits.df <- myTopHits %>% as_tibble(rownames = "geneID") vplot <- ggplot(myTopHits.df) + aes(y=-log10(adj.P.Val), x=logFC, text = paste("Symbol:", geneID)) + geom_point(size=2) + geom_hline(yintercept = -log10(0.01), linetype="longdash", colour="grey", size=1) + geom_vline(xintercept = 1, linetype="longdash", colour="#BE684D", size=1) + geom_vline(xintercept = -1, linetype="longdash", colour="#2C467A", size=1) + #annotate("rect", xmin = 1, xmax = 12, ymin = -log10(0.01), ymax = 7.5, alpha=.2, fill="#BE684D") + #annotate("rect", xmin = -1, xmax = -12, ymin = -log10(0.01), ymax = 7.5, alpha=.2, fill="#2C467A") + labs(title="Volcano plot", subtitle = "Cutaneous leishmaniasis", caption=paste0("produced on ", Sys.time())) + theme_bw() ggplotly(vplot) ``` Column {.tabset data-width=500} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### DEG table ```{r DEG table} results <- decideTests(ebFit, method="global", adjust.method="BH", p.value=0.01, lfc=2) colnames(v.DEGList.filtered.norm$E) <- sampleLabels diffGenes <- v.DEGList.filtered.norm$E[results[,1] !=0,] diffGenes.df <- as_tibble(diffGenes, rownames = "geneID") datatable(diffGenes.df, extensions = c('KeyTable', "FixedHeader"), caption = 'Table 1: DEGs in cutaneous leishmaniasis', options = list(keys = TRUE, searchHighlight = TRUE, pageLength = 10, lengthMenu = c("10", "25", "50", "100"))) %>% formatRound(columns=c(2:11), digits=2) ``` ### heatmap ```{r heatmap} library(tidyverse) library(gplots) library(RColorBrewer) myheatcolors <- rev(brewer.pal(name="RdBu", n=11)) clustRows <- hclust(as.dist(1-cor(t(diffGenes), method="pearson")), method="complete") #cluster rows by pearson correlation clustColumns <- hclust(as.dist(1-cor(diffGenes, method="spearman")), method="complete") module.assign <- cutree(clustRows, k=2) module.color <- rainbow(length(unique(module.assign)), start=0.1, end=0.9) module.color <- module.color[as.vector(module.assign)] heatmap.2(diffGenes, Rowv=as.dendrogram(clustRows), Colv=as.dendrogram(clustColumns), RowSideColors=module.color, col=myheatcolors, scale='row', labRow=NA, density.info="none", trace="none", cexRow=1, cexCol=1, margins=c(8,20)) ``` Functional enrichment {data-icon="fa-signal"} ===================================== Column {.tabset data-width=500} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### GO - enriched in disease ```{r gostplot1} modulePick <- 2 myModule_up <- diffGenes[names(module.assign[module.assign %in% modulePick]),] hrsub_up <- hclust(as.dist(1-cor(t(myModule_up), method="pearson")), method="complete") library(limma) library(gplots) #for heatmaps library(DT) #interactive and searchable tables of our GSEA results library(GSEABase) #functions and methods for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis library(Biobase) #base functions for bioconductor; required by GSEABase library(GSVA) #Gene Set Variation Analysis, a non-parametric and unsupervised method for estimating variation of gene set enrichment across samples. library(gprofiler2) #tools for accessing the GO enrichment results using g:Profiler web resources library(clusterProfiler) # provides a suite of tools for functional enrichment analysis library(msigdbr) # access to msigdb collections directly within R library(enrichplot) # great for making the standard GSEA enrichment plots gost.res_up <- gost(rownames(myModule_up), organism = "hsapiens", correction_method = "fdr") gostplot(gost.res_up, interactive = T, capped = T) #set interactive=FALSE to get plot for publications ``` ### GO - enriched in healthy ```{r gostplot2} modulePick <- 1 myModule_down <- diffGenes[names(module.assign[module.assign %in% modulePick]),] hrsub_down <- hclust(as.dist(1-cor(t(myModule_down), method="pearson")), method="complete") gost.res_down <- gost(rownames(myModule_down), organism = "hsapiens", correction_method = "fdr") gostplot(gost.res_down, interactive = T, capped = T) #set interactive=FALSE to get plot for publications ``` Column {data-width=500} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ### GSEA table ```{r GSEA} hs_gsea_c2 <- msigdbr(species = "Homo sapiens", # change depending on species your data came from category = "C2") %>% # choose your msigdb collection of interest dplyr::select(gs_name, gene_symbol) #just get the columns corresponding to signature name and gene symbols of genes in each signature # Now that you have your msigdb collections ready, prepare your data # grab the dataframe you made in step3 script # Pull out just the columns corresponding to gene symbols and LogFC for at least one pairwise comparison for the enrichment analysis mydata.df.sub <- dplyr::select(mydata.df, geneID, LogFC) mydata.gsea <- mydata.df.sub$LogFC names(mydata.gsea) <- as.character(mydata.df.sub$geneID) mydata.gsea <- sort(mydata.gsea, decreasing = TRUE) # run GSEA using the 'GSEA' function from clusterProfiler myGSEA.res <- GSEA(mydata.gsea, TERM2GENE=hs_gsea_c2, verbose=FALSE) myGSEA.df <- as_tibble(myGSEA.res@result) # view results as an interactive table datatable(myGSEA.df, extensions = c('KeyTable', "FixedHeader"), caption = 'Signatures enriched in leishmaniasis', options = list(keys = TRUE, searchHighlight = TRUE, pageLength = 10, lengthMenu = c("10", "25", "50", "100"))) %>% formatRound(columns=c(3:10), digits=2) ``` About {data-orientation=rows data-icon="fa-comment-alt"} ===================================== Row {data-height=1000} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Use this page to describe the results in your own words. Some things to think about: * What are the key takeaways from the analysis? * What types of analyses would you want to do next? * Based on your analysis, what wet-lab experiments would you pursue? * How could you expand on or otherwise enhance this data dashboard?